Delta does not appear to make children sicker; Secondary immune response stronger after infection than after shot

(Reuters) – The following is a summary of some recent studies on COVID-19. They include research that warrants further study to corroborate the findings and that have yet to be certified by peer review.

Delta variant does not appear to make children sicker

The Delta variant of the coronavirus does not appear to cause more severe disease in children than earlier forms of the virus, a UK study suggests. Earlier this year, the research team found the Alpha variant of the virus did not appear to make children sicker than the so-called wild, or original, form of the virus, first seen in China. New data suggests that kids also do not get any sicker from Delta than they did from Alpha. Researchers compared two groups of school-age children with COVID-19: 694 infected with the Alpha variant between late December 2020 and early May 2021, and 706 infected with Delta between late May and early July. As reported on Thursday on medRxiv bit.ly/3mDJMNd ahead of peer review, children infected with Delta had slightly more symptoms. But in both groups, very few children needed to be hospitalized and long periods of illness were uncommon. In both groups, half of the children were sick for no more than five days. The researchers lacked information on differences between the groups that might have influenced the results, such as whether lockdowns were in place, and the effects of different seasons. “Our data suggest that clinical characteristics of COVID-19 due to the Delta variant in children are broadly similar to COVID-19 due to other variants,” the researchers concluded. That appears to jibe with data reported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Although we are seeing more cases in children … these studies demonstrated that there was not increased disease severity in children,” CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said of the Delta-driven wave in a statement. “More children have COVID-19 because there is more disease in the community.”

Secondary immune response stronger after infection than vaccination

In COVID-19 survivors, important components of the body’s immune response called memory B cells continue to evolve and get stronger for at least several months, producing highly potent antibodies that can neutralize new variants of the virus, a new study has found. By comparison, vaccine-induced memory B cells are less robust, evolving for only a few weeks and never “learning” to protect against variants, researchers reported in a paper published on Thursday in Nature go.nature.com/3AjGx2B. COVID-19 vaccines do induce more antibodies than the immune system does after a coronavirus infection. But the immune system appears to outshine vaccines when it comes to memory B cells. Regardless of whether antibodies are induced by infection or vaccine, their levels drop within six months in many people. But memory B cells stand ready to produce new antibodies if the body encounters the virus. Prior to this study, there had been little data on how vaccine-induced B cells compare to infection-induced B cells. The researchers caution that the benefits of stronger memory B cells after infection do not outweigh the risks that come with COVID-19. “While a natural infection may induce maturation of antibodies with broader activity than a vaccine does, a natural infection can also kill you,” said study leader Michel Nussenzweig of Rockefeller University, in a statement. “A vaccine won’t do that and, in fact, protects against the risk of serious illness or death from infection.”

Click for a Reuters graphic tmsnrt.rs/3c7R3Bl on vaccines in development.

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