WASHINGTON — Bouncing back from months of retrenchment, America\u2019s consumers stepped up their spending by a solid 2.4% in January, the sharpest increase in seven months and a sign that the economy may be poised to sustain a recovery from the pandemic recession.<\/p>\n
Friday\u2019s report from the Commerce Department also showed that personal incomes, which provide the fuel for spending, jumped 10% last month, the biggest gain in nine months, boosted by cash payments that most Americans received from the government.<\/p>\n
The January spending increase followed two straight monthly spending drops that had raised concerns that consumers, who power most of the economy, were hunkered down, too anxious to travel, shop and spend. Last month\u2019s sharp gain suggests that many people are growing more confident about spending, especially after receiving $600 checks that went to most adults last month in a federal economic aid package.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe economy weakened late last year as the fiscal support faded and the pandemic intensified, but now it seems to be coming back to life,\u201d said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody\u2019s Analytics.<\/p>\n
The government also reported Friday that inflation by a measure preferred by the Federal Reserve rose a moderate 0.3% in January. That left prices up just 1.5% over the past 12 months, well below the Fed\u2019s 2% target.<\/p>\n
Besides receiving cash payments, many Americans who have managed to keep their jobs have also been saving money for several months rather than spending. That could bode well for the economy later this year, once consumers increasingly feel willing to spend, vaccinations are more widely administered and some version of President Joe Biden\u2019s $1.9 trillion economic aid proposal, which includes additional cash payments for individuals, is enacted.<\/p>\n
Concerns that a strengthening economy will accelerate inflation have sent bond yields surging. On Thursday, the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note moved above 1.5% — a level not seen in more than a year and far above the 0.92% it was trading at only two months ago.<\/p>\n
That move raised alarms on Wall Street and ignited a deep selloff in the stock market. Some investors fear that rising interest rates and the threat of inflation might lead the Fed to raise its benchmark short-term rate too quickly and potentially derail the economy. The tame inflation figure in Friday\u2019s report from the government shows that, so far at least, price increases are mostly mild.<\/p>\n
In testimony to Congress this week, Fed Chair Jerome Powell downplayed the inflation risk and instead underscored the economy\u2019s struggles. Layoffs are still high. And 10 million jobs remain lost to the pandemic that erupted nearly a year ago. That\u2019s a deeper job loss than was inflicted by the Great Recession of 2008-2009.<\/p>\n
Still, despite the weakened job market, key sectors of the economy are showing signs of picking up as vaccinations increase and government rescue aid works its way through the economy. The Fed\u2019s ultra-low-rate policy is providing important support as well.<\/p>\n
Retail sales soared last month. Factory output also rose and has nearly regained its pre-pandemic levels. And sales of newly built homes jumped in January.<\/p>\n
Friday\u2019s report showed that consumers boosted their purchases of durable goods — from autos to appliances \u2014 by a strong 8.4% last month. Spending on non-durable goods, which include food and clothing, increased 4.3%.<\/p>\n
By contrast, spending on services barely eked out a 0.7% gain. America\u2019s service sector, which includes bars, restaurants, entertainment venues and other face-to-face establishments, has been pummeled by the widespread reluctance or inability of consumers to travel, shop or dine out.<\/p>\n
Consumers saved a significant chunk of their income last month: The personal savings rate jumped to 20.5%, from 13.4% in December. With so many Americans forgoing out-of-town travel, shopping trips and indoor dining, the savings rate has been climbing, contributing to expectations for a surge in spending once more people feel comfortable resuming their previous spending habits.<\/p>\n
\u201cThere is a lot of economic juice coming,\u201d Zandi said. \u201cI think the economy is going to be booming by later this year.\u201d<\/p>\n